Sunday, November 30, 2008
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worldmarketsnowالعالم الآن في الأسواق
خصم
خصم في مجالات التمويل والاقتصاد ، والخصم هو عملية إيجاد القيمة الحالية للمبلغ النقدية في وقت ما في المستقبل ، ويضاعف من جانب النقدية يشكل أساس القيمة الزمنية للنقود الحسابات. القيمة المخفضة للتدفق النقدي وتحدد الحد من قيمتها من قبل الجهات المختصة لسعر الخصم كل وحدة من الوقت بين الوقت عندما تكون السيولة هي لقيمتها إلى وقت من التدفق النقدي. في أغلب الأحيان سعر الخصم هو وأعرب عن المعدل السنوي. سعر الخصم سعر الخصم الذي يستخدم في الحسابات المالية وعادة ما اختارت أن تكون مساوية لتكلفة رأس المال. إدخال بعض التعديلات ويجوز لمعدل الخصم لتأخذ في الاعتبار المخاطر المرتبطة غير مؤكد في التدفقات النقدية ، مع غيرها من التطورات. أسعار الخصم وعادة ما تطبق على أنواع مختلفة من الشركات وتظهر اختلافات كبيرة : تبدأ العمل تسعى المال : 50 -- 100 ٪ تبدأ العمل في وقت مبكر : 40 -- 60 ٪ تبدأ العمل في وقت متأخر : 30 -- 50 ٪ الشركات الناضجة : 10 -- 25 ٪ سبب ارتفاع أسعار الخصم لتبدأ العمل : انخفاض تسويق بسبب ملكية الاسهم لا يتم تداولها علنا عدد محدود من المستثمرين الراغبين في الاستثمار جديدة تبدأ مواجهة مخاطر عالية أكثر التوقعات تفاؤلا من جانب مؤسسي حماسا. أحد الأساليب التي تتطلع إلى تصحيح سعر الخصم هو نموذج تسعير الأصول الرأسمالية. هذا النموذج يأخذ في الاعتبار المتغيرات الثلاثة التي تتألف منها سعر الخصم : 1. خطر الحرة : السعر النسبة المئوية للعودة المتولدة عن الاستثمار في الأوراق المالية خالية من المخاطر مثل السندات الحكومية. 2. بيتا : كيفية قياس الشركة سعر السهم رد فعل لتغيير في السوق. وهناك بيتا أعلى من 1 يعني أن تغيير في سعر السهم مبالغ فيه بالمقارنة مع بقية الأسهم في نفس السوق. وهناك بيتا أقل من 1 يعني أن حصة مستقرة جدا وليس استجابة للتغيرات في السوق. أقل من 0 يعني أن حصة تسير في عكس ذلك من تغيير في السوق. 3. سوق الأسهم علاوة المخاطرة : العائد على الاستثمار التي يتطلبها المستثمرون فوق معدل خطر الحرة. سعر الخصم = سعر خطر الحرة + بيتا * (سوق الأسهم علاوة المخاطرة
贴现 在财政和经济，贴现的过程中发现的现值数额的现金在今后的某一天，而且随着复合现金形式的基础上时间价值的金钱计算。的贴现值现金流量是确定的减少其价值由适当的折现率为各单位之间的时间时，现金流量是价值的时间的现金流。最常见的折扣率表示为年率。 折扣率 贴现率是用来计算的财政一般选择是平等的资本费用。有些调整，可向贴现率考虑到相关的风险与不确定的现金流动，与其他的事态发展。 折扣率通常适用于不同类型的企业呈现出显着的差异： 寻求创业资金： 50 -1 00％ 早期创业： 40 -6 0％ 晚创业： 30 -5 0％ 成熟企业： 10 -2 5％ 原因为高折扣率为初创： 减少市场的所有制，因为股市交易不公开 数量有限的投资者愿意投资 创业面临高风险 在乐观的预测由热心的创始者。 一种方法看起来到一个正确的折扣率是资本资产定价模型。此模型中考虑到三个变数，弥补折扣率： 1 。无风险率：百分比的回报所产生的投资风险的证券，如政府债券。 2 。测试：测量如何一家公司的股票价格的反应，以改变市场。试用高于1意味着改变股票价格被夸大，而其余的股票在同一市场。试用不到1手段的份额是稳定的和不很适应市场变化。小于0意味着份额是朝着相反的市场变化。 3 。产权交易市场风险溢价：投资的回报，投资者需要高于无风险利率。 折扣率=无风险利率+测试* （股票市场的风险溢价
贴现 在财政和经济，贴现的过程中发现的现值数额的现金在今后的某一天，而且随着复合现金形式的基础上时间价值的金钱计算。的贴现值现金流量是确定的减少其价值由适当的折现率为各单位之间的时间时，现金流量是价值的时间的现金流。最常见的折扣率表示为年率。 折扣率 贴现率是用来计算的财政一般选择是平等的资本费用。有些调整，可向贴现率考虑到相关的风险与不确定的现金流动，与其他的事态发展。 折扣率通常适用于不同类型的企业呈现出显着的差异： 寻求创业资金： 50 -1 00％ 早期创业： 40 -6 0％ 晚创业： 30 -5 0％ 成熟企业： 10 -2 5％ 原因为高折扣率为初创： 减少市场的所有制，因为股市交易不公开 数量有限的投资者愿意投资 创业面临高风险 在乐观的预测由热心的创始者。 一种方法看起来到一个正确的折扣率是资本资产定价模型。此模型中考虑到三个变数，弥补折扣率： 1 。无风险率：百分比的回报所产生的投资风险的证券，如政府债券。 2 。测试：测量如何一家公司的股票价格的反应，以改变市场。试用高于1意味着改变股票价格被夸大，而其余的股票在同一市场。试用不到1手段的份额是稳定的和不很适应市场变化。小于0意味着份额是朝着相反的市场变化。 3 。产权交易市场风险溢价：投资的回报，投资者需要高于无风险利率。 折扣率=无风险利率+测试* （股票市场的风险溢价
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